The world is losing the race to meet its climate change goals, the president of the upcoming COP28 summit said on Tuesday, as African leaders called for changes to what they say is an unfair international climate finance system.
The COP28 president-designate announced the UAE’s $4.5-billion pledge to develop 15GW of clean power in Africa by 2030
The grim assessment by Dr Sultan bin Ahmed Al Jaber, who will preside over the summit in the UAE in late November, came three days before the UN publishes its first “global stocktake”, an assessment of how nations are doing in their efforts to tackle climate change.
“We are not delivering the results that we need in the time that we need them,” Jaber, who is also the UAE’s Minister of Industry and Advanced Technology and heads the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, told delegates at the inaugural Africa Climate Summit in Kenya’s capital, Nairobi.
The summit, which opened on Monday, is focused on mobilising financing for Africa’s response to climate change.
While Africa is suffering from some of the most severe impacts of climate change, the continent only receives about 12 per cent of the financing it needs to cope, according to researchers.
Hundreds of millions of dollars of investments in sustainable development projects were announced on Monday, and on Tuesday Jaber announced the UAE was pledging $4.5 billion to develop 15GW of clean power in Africa by 2030.
Africa currently has about 60GW of installed renewables capacity.
Germany also announced 450 million euros ($482.31 million) in financing, including 60 million for a green hydrogen project in Kenya, and the US committed $30 million to supporting climate resilience and food security efforts.
African officials say the investments are welcome but that meeting the continent’s financing needs will require a transformation of the global climate financing architecture, particularly given governments’ high debt loads.
Specifically, African states plan to push at the COP28 for the expansion of special drawing rights at the International Monetary Fund that could unlock $500 billion worth of climate finance, which could be leveraged up to five times.
Kenyan President William Ruto said special drawing rights should be made available to the countries that need them most, which he said has not previously been the case.
Carbon tax
Complaining that African countries pay five times as much in interest as other borrowers, he called on multilateral finance institutions to increase concessional lending and for a “conversation” about a carbon tax to finance development.
“Those who produce the garbage refuse to pay their bills,” Ruto said, striking a different tone from Monday when he said the summit was not to “catalogue grievances and list problems”.
Joseph Ng’ang’a, who was appointed by Ruto to lead the summit’s secretariat, said the proposal was a carbon tax that could be collected from fuel suppliers, relieving governments of the domestic political pressure against taxing fossil fuel consumption.
“If the carbon tax is at source… every barrel that comes out of the ground has a tax on it,” he said. “And because fossil fuels are sold on a global market, you can track it, then it is an even cost globally.”
The president of the African Development Bank, Akinwumi Adesina, called for the continent’s natural wealth, notably its forests which sequester carbon, to be accounted for when calculating its economic output. He said this would make it easier for African countries to access debt financing.
A loss and damage fund was agreed at last year’s COP27 to help poor countries battered by climate disasters, but Majid Al Suwaidi, COP28’s director-general, said negotiations over how to implement it were not going fast enough.
“We have been calling on countries to make early commitments because it is not enough to operationalise the fund, it needs to be capitalised,” he told Reuters.
